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自然地理概况 Physical Geographical Characteristics


    临夏地质公园跨越中国西部的黄土高原和青藏高原两大自然区,大地构造位置处于祁连山与秦岭造山带间的临夏盆地,南跨秦岭褶皱带,北依祁连褶皱带。地质公园地势呈西南部高、东北部低的倾斜盆地状,平均海拔 2000m,农耕活动多在 1580-2500m 之间。地质公园的地貌以中高山、丘陵、盆地为主,山间盆地主要为黄河及其支流侵蚀而成。地质公园位于内陆中纬地带,属温带大陆性气候。气候干旱温凉,旱涝雹灾频繁,具有夏凉冬冷,夏短冬长的大陆季风气候和高原气候特色。这里年均气温 5.0-9.4℃之间,最高气温 32.5℃,最低气温零下 22.3℃。多年降水量 260~660mm,降雨多集中于 6-9 月。 地质公园位于黄河流域上游,有丰富的地表水。境内有大小河流 30 多条,均属黄河水系,一级支流有大夏河、洮河和湟水,二级支流有牛津河、广通河、三岔河等。黄河自地质公园西北进入,在公园穿过了炳灵峡、刘家峡、盐锅峡等峡谷后,自地质公园东北流出。地质公园大部分地方覆盖有风积黄土,受西南部高山高寒湿润气候和东北部黄土高原干旱半干旱气候因素的制约,自然植被分布有很大差异,地带性十分突出,可分为干草原植被,阔叶落叶林植被,针阔叶混交林植被,针叶林植被,高山亚高山灌丛草甸植被。由于悠久的人类活动影响,海拔 2500 米以下原生植被群落已少见,被农作物代替。临夏州境内分布有野生维管束植物 1021 种,其中野生木本药用植物 43 种,草本药用植物 162 种。野生动物 1140 种,如鹰、隼、蓝马鸡等,水生鱼类 10 多种。


      Linxia Geopark crosses two natural regions of the Loess Plateau of west China and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The tectonic structure is situated in the Linxia Basin between two orogenic belts of Qilian Mountains and Qinling Mountains. With an average elevation of 2000m, the terrain of the Geopark is inclined basin shape high in the southwest and low in the northeast. And farming activities in the Geopark are mainly conducted at the elevation of 1580-2500m. The landscape in the geopark is dominated by mid-high mountains, hills, and basins. And intermountain basin is mainly formed by the erosion of the Yellow River and its tributaries.Being in the inland mid-latitude zone, the geopark has a temperate continental climate. Its climate is cool and has uneven rainfall and frequent natural disasters such as drought, flood hailstorm, which is typical continental monsoon climate and plateau climate with cool and short summer, cold and long winter. The average annual temperature is between 5.0-9.4℃ and the maximum temperature is 32.5℃ and the minimum temperature is minus 22.3℃. The precipitation varies between 260-660mm, largely concentrating between June to September.Located at the upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin, the geopark has rich surface water resource. There are over 30 rivers in the geopark. And they all belong to the Yellow River system, of which the first tributary has the Daxia River, the Tao River and the Huang River and the second tributary has the Niujin River, the Guangtong River and the Sancha River. The Yellow River crosses the geopark from northwest to northeast, forming Bingling Gorge, Liujia Gorge and Yanguo Gorge in the geopark. Most places in the geopark are covered by aeolian loess. Limited by cold humid climate of southwest mountains and ari and semi-arid climate of northwest Loess Plateau, the distribution of natural vegetation is very different. With distinct zonality, natural vegetation in the geopark can be divided into steppe vegetation, broad-leaved deciduous forest vegetation, mixed coniferous and 1broad-leaved forest vegetation, coniferous forest vegetation, and alpine and subalpine shrub meadow vegetation. Due to human activities, original vegetation types can be rarely seen below the elevation of 2500m and they are replaced by crop.There are 1021 species of wild vascular plant in Linxia Prefecture, including 43 species of wild woody officinal plants, and 162 species of herbal officinal plants. And there are 1140 species of wild animals, inlcuding more than 20 species of fish.

地质公园地质地貌 地质公园地质地貌

地质公园跨我国西北黄土高原干旱区、青藏高原高寒阴湿区两大自然区,地质区域处于祁连山与秦岭两个褶皱(秦祁地轴)临夏-临洮盆地,南跨秦岭褶皱带,北依祁连褶皱带。州内海拔高低悬殊,地形复杂,高峰耸列,河谷纵横,地势高而切割深邃,属高原浅山丘陵。地势呈西南部高、东北部低的倾斜盆地状,平均海拔2000m,最低点是黄河与湟水交汇处1563m,最高点是达里加山峰4636m,相对高差3073m,农耕活动多在15802500m之间。公园内主要地貌有低山丘陵、中高山和盆地三类。山地、丘陵占绝大部分,海拔19002500m之间,占总土地面积的90%,低山丘陵在州内分布广泛,从北部湟水沿岸至西南部积石山、太子山之间,梁沟相通,连绵不断。石质中高山地分布于州西南边界、东北部局部地段,海拔30004636m之间,高寒阴湿。盆地发布公园中部,还有黄河、湟水、洮河、大夏河、广通河、三岔河等河流域两岸的阶地。

地质公园的气候 地质公园的气候

地质公园位于内陆中纬地带,属温带大陆性气候。气候温凉为主,降水南多北少,旱涝雹灾频繁,具有夏凉冬冷,夏短冬长的大陆季风气候和高原气候特色。年均气温5.0~9.4℃之间,极端最高气温32.5℃,极端最低气温零下22.3℃。多年降水量260~660mm,1~3月份降水量占全年降水量的4.8%,4~6月份占30.5%,7~9月占55.2%,10~12月份占9.5%。年平均无霜期157天,年日照时数2300~2600小时,年蒸发量1265~1618mm,为年降水量的3~5倍。干旱主要发生在冬、春及夏初季节,对越冬作物生长、春播、春小麦拔节、灌浆需水及秋作物出苗影响最大,严重年份北部干旱山区人畜饮水困难。大暴雨主要发生在7~8月,南部较多,中北部次之,暴雨强度大、来势猛,常常造成山洪、泥石流迸发。